Lens

SIMION has often been used to simulate 2D and 3D lens systems, either in isolation or as components of other systems. The three-element Einzel lens example in SIMION is demonstrated in A Tour of the SIMION 7.0 Demo.

Figure: SIMION Einzel lens example (above) with corresponding potential energy surface (below).

Some papers covering the simulations of lenses in SIMION include

• Multi-element electrostatic lens systems for focusing and controlling charged particles Omer Sise, Melike Ulu, and Mevlut Dogan. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. Volume 554, Issues 1-3, 1 December 2005, Pages 114-131. (Department of Physics, Science and Arts Faculty, Afyon Kocatepe University, Turkey.) dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.08.068; [arxiv](http://arxiv.org/abs/physics/0503145 online preprint) (Additional material on Omer Sise’s home page).
• Evaluation of aberrations of immersion objective lenses in relation to electron emission microscopy Bernheim M. Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 193-204 (2006)
• Image acquisition with immersion objective lenses using electrons emitted with several tenths of an electron volt energies: Towards high spatial resolution ESCA analysis Bernheim M. Ultramicroscopy 106 (2006) 398-412
• Aberration coefficients of multi-element cylindrical electrostatic lens systems for charged particle beam applications Omer Sise, Melike Ulu and Mevlut Dogan. Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 573/3 (2007) 329-339
• Characterization and modeling of multi-element electrostatic lens systems Omer Sise, Melike Ulua and Mevlut Dogan. Rad. Phys. Chem. 76/3 (2007), 593-598
• Exploring focal and aberration properties of electrostatic lenses through computer simulation Omer Sise, David Manura and Mevlut Dogan. Omer Sise et al 2008 Eur. J. Phys. 29 1165-1176 – introduction to lens property simulations in SIMION, from a teaching perspective.
• Computer simulation of electrostatic aperture lens systems for electron spectroscopy Omer Sise, Nimet Okumus, Melike Ulu and Mevlut Dogan. Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena. 15 August 2009

See also

• Wikipedia: Einzel Lens
• Pictures of a real einzel lenses: Einzel lens (Purdue PRIME Lab, Department of Physics); here (DREBIT HCI-irradiation facility); here (Miniature einzel lens - Imperial College London)
• Electrostatic Lens Systems D W O Heddle.
• Experimental Methods in the Physical Sciences, volume 29A, chapter 5 Electron and Ion Optics by George C. King is a short 18 page summary of lens theory, similar to Heddle.